أثر المناخ على التنمية السياحية في إقليم الساحل السوري

Abstract

This study quantitatively assesses the impact of climatic characteristics on tourism development in the Syrian coastal region, aiming to formulate strategies for enhancing its competitiveness as a sustainable tourist destination. The research employs an applied climatology approach, utilizing meteorological data (1990-2020) from 14 stations across the region. The core of the methodology involves the application of the Thom's Discomfort Index (THI) to evaluate levels of climatic comfort and discomfort throughout the year. Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS) and statistical analysis (SPSS) were used for spatial and temporal analysis.

The key findings reveal a significant spatial and seasonal diversity in climatic conditions. The region enjoys an annual average of 195-210 days within the acceptable climatic comfort range (THI: 15-27). During summer, mountainous areas exhibit "ideal comfort" conditions (THI: 18-21), making them suitable for mountain tourism, while coastal areas experience "relative comfort" (THI: 21-24). In winter, coastal zones maintain "relative comfort" (THI: 15-18), favorable for winter sun tourism, whereas high mountains face "severe cold discomfort" (THI <10). Spring and autumn provide "ideal comfort" across most of the region.

The study concludes that the Syrian coast possesses a unique climatic diversity that supports complementary and year-round tourism. However, a significant disparity exists in tourism investment, which is heavily concentrated on the coast, leaving the high-potential mountainous areas underdeveloped. The research provides strategic recommendations focused on developing mountain tourism infrastructure, promoting seasonal tourism patterns, implementing sustainable coastal management, and launching targeted marketing campaigns that highlight the region's distinct climatic advantages.