تحليل مقارن لتجارب دولية في إعادة الإعمار والدروس المستفادة لعملية التعافي المستدام في سورية

Abstract

The research aimed to provide a critical and comparative analysis of post-war reconstruction mechanisms in nine different countries. This began by comparing models of successful and self-financed recovery (such as Kuwait and Japan) with models of reconstruction impacted by political division (such as Bosnia and Herzegovina and Lebanon), focusing on identifying factors of strength and failure. Furthermore, the study aimed to extract methodological lessons applicable to Syria, particularly in managing critical challenges like combating corruption (as in Iraq) and achieving transitional justice (as in Rwanda). The research also sought to formulate strategic recommendations for policymakers to establish a clear methodology for sustainable recovery that ensures building trust in state institutions and achieving social justice.

The research was based on a Comparative Analytical Approach. The findings concluded that sustainable recovery in Syria necessitates moving beyond the traditional model of material reconstruction and focusing primarily on political and social transformation (as in Rwanda). The comparative analysis demonstrated that self-financing conditioned upon strict structural reforms (as in West Germany and Kuwait) is the only option to avoid reliance on fragmented and factional geopolitical funding (as in Lebanon and Bosnia). The results also confirmed that combating corruption and centralized governance are prerequisites for preventing resource dissipation (as occurred in Iraq). Any financing must be linked to guarantees for urban and social justice, particularly concerning property rights and the return of refugees, to avoid entrenching divisions. Finally, reconstruction should be directed towards investing in human capital and modern urban planning (as in South Korea and Japan) to create jobs and infrastructure that support long-term economic recovery.