دلالة الفعل الزمنية بين اللغة العربية واللغة العبرية
Abstract
The Arabic language belongs to the language family commonly known as the Semitic language family. This family of languages includes, in addition to Arabic, a number of other languages, including Hebrew. I have chosen the verb as the focus and subject of my research because of the prominent role the verb plays in Arabic and in the Semitic languages. Among the important linguistic topics that allow for a deep understanding of the characteristics of this ancient Semitic language is the verb, and Semitic language scholars have given it great attention, believing in the usefulness of studying it. They exerted considerable effort in researching the origin of the verb in Semitic languages, seeking to understand its categories, forms, tenses, patterns, and construction methods. It is essential that verbs and their equivalents express tense, indicating its nuances through known forms, structures, and constructions. As previously mentioned, tense constitutes one of the two most important pillars in the structure of the verb, alongside the event. Since no verb appears in a sentence without tense being part of it, and the action cannot be conceived without expressing some tense—a natural phenomenon in most of the world's languages—it has become clear from the foregoing that linguists have divided verbs into past, present, and imperative (or permanent). However, usage has deviated from this division, as the verb form may express tenses other than the past tense. At this juncture in the research, it is necessary to differentiate between grammatical time and philosophical time, in order to clarify the position of linguists on the concept of time and its relation to verb structures.
