دراسة تأثير العوامل المستخدمة في دالة الهدف لبروتوكول RPL على عمر شبكة انترنت الأشياء وترابطها

Abstract

The RPL protocol is a standard routing protocol for Internet of Things (IoT) networks, organizing the network in the form of a DODAG tree. The selection of the parent node is based on the Objective Function (OF). Despite its advantages, the protocol suffers from the Hotspot problem, which depletes the energy of certain nodes, causing them to die and leading to network partition and loss of connectivity.

In this study, we simulated the RPL protocol to evaluate its performance when using three different objective functions: Minimum Hop Count (MinHop), Maximum Remaining Energy (MaxEnergy), and an equal-weight combination of both (WeightedEqual). The experiments were conducted using multiple scenarios that varied in node deployment patterns, root location, and the initial energy of the nodes.

The simulation results obtained using GNU Octave showed that simultaneously considering both maximum remaining energy and minimum hop count in the objective function achieved the highest efficiency. This approach maintained good energy balance, resulted in the longest network lifetime, and reduced the number of isolated nodes.

The results also demonstrated that placing the root at the center of the IoT network and deploying the nodes uniformly had a significant positive impact on enhancing network connectivity and extending its lifetime.