التحليل التشخيصي لانبعاثات غازات العادم ومؤشرات الدخان لمحرك ديزل ذو استطاعة متوسطة تحت ظروف تشغيل مختلفة

Abstract

This research aims to develop an effective diagnostic methodology for identifying faults in a Ford ZSD-424 turbocharged diesel engine with an electronic injection system It is a 24 kW experimental engine with an investment life of more than 250 working hours. This methodology is based on analyzing exhaust gas emissions, fog and smoke indicators at four different operating conditions: normal, low intake pressure, low cylinder pressure, and reduced fuel injection.

Each indicator within the four operating conditions was analyzed and linked to the type of potential failure, and practical solutions were then proposed for each case. The results showed that each condition had a different impact on the indicators, with values deviating from the permissible range for exhaust gases (O₂ CO₂, CO, HC, Nox), The percentage of deviation in the case of low pressure in the intake ducts was (11, 18, 4.7, 17.46, 16.4%), the percentage of deviation in the case of low cylinder pressure was (14.29, 19.6, 20, 15.4, 16.4%), and the percentage of deviation in the case of low fuel quantity was (17.3, 19.9, 20.9, 19.42, 2.5%), which is considered an indicator of malfunctions in the injection and ignition systems. The percentage deviation of values ​​from the permissible range for the fog and smoke indicators (Opacity, K, FSN) in the case of low pressure in the intake ducts was (8, 18.9, 17)% respectively, and in the case of low cylinder pressure was (18.8, 14.5, 16.16)% respectively, and the percentage deviation in the case of low fuel quantity was (1.4, 4, 8.7)% respectively. This is considered an indicator of a malfunction in the pressure sensor and the electronic control unit (ECU), which allows for the possibility of building a model for early diagnosis, real-time fault detection, and predictive maintenance.