دراسة تأثير تراكيز مختلفة من ملوحة مياه الري والنقع والرش بهرمون حمض الأندول الخلي في بعض الصفات المورفوفسيولوجية والإنتاجية لدى صنفين من القمح الطري

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of soaking and spraying two soft wheat cultivars with the hormone indole acetic acid (IAA) and irrigating with different concentrations of saline water on some morphological and productive traits for subsequent use in breeding, the study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Lattakia University during the 2022 agricultural season. Two soft wheat cultivars (Sham 4 and Douma 2) were planted in plastic bags, distributed according to a completely randomized design (RCD) with three replicates. Two concentrations of IAA were used for soaking and spraying: 7 ppm for the soaking treatment (soaking the grains in the hormone solution for 24 hours and then planting immediately), and 0.5 ppm for the spray treatment (spraying the vegetative system during the stem elongation stage). Irrigation was carried out with three concentrations of saline irrigation water (10, 15, and 5 mmol/cm), in addition to a control (irrigated with plain water). Irrigation with saline water negatively affected the growth of the two studied wheat cultivars, leading to a decline in plant yields of spikes and grains, and the production of smaller grains and spikes. Meanwhile, soaking and spraying with auxins had positive effects on overall growth characteristics—morphological, physiological, and productivity—as well as the resulting spikes and their components at different levels of added salt concentrations.

The highest value for grain weight per plant was recorded in the cultivar Doma 2 (8.21) g at a salt concentration of 5 mmol/cm³ for the hormone spray treatment. The highest value for the average grain/ear ratio was recorded in the cultivar Sham 4 (43.2) cm³ at a salt concentration of 10 mmol/cm³. Therefore, it is recommended to soak Doma 2 wheat grains or spray the vegetative system with auxins, given their significant role in stimulating growth in wheat plants, increasing the resulting grain yield, and improving these plants' tolerance to salt stress.